Health Case Studies 20 Topic Ideas to Dedicate Your Work To

Health Case Studies 20 Topic Ideas to Dedicate Your Work To Health care industry is of huge importance for the humankind. It is busy with the current and possible future problems with our health. It studies all existing illnesses and invents different remedies to treat them. Therefore, it is really important. Many students of medical institutions write different health case studies. There are lots of academic requirements for a case study project. Every requirement has its peculiarities and potential stumbling stones. Nevertheless, every problem has various ways that are able to overcome it. One of the keys to a successful accomplishment of any assignment is to choose an effective topic. It should be relevant and cover really significant issues, which are interesting for other people. If you choose an irrelevant theme or will try to cover a specification and/or issue that already has a solution, your project is doomed to failure. You are supposed to disclose and resolve some yet unsolved problems or give recommendations on how to treat or prevent some issues in the healthcare industry. It’s not always easy to select an appropriate theme. Here is our list of suggestions: The Main Triggers of Diabetes: How to Avoid the Disease? Why Is Obesity Not a Cosmetic But Always Medical Problem? Is It Reasonable and Safe to Use Appetite Suppressants? Can a Stem Cell Therapy Help Against Alzheimer’s Disease? What Are the Main Reasons for the Development of Cancer and How to Treat the Disease? Which Foods and Products Are Dangerous for the Human Health and Where to Find an Alternative for Them? The History of Aids and How Can We Prevent Its Progress Why Do Japanese Live for So Long? Is Their Health Care Industry That Effective? The Comparison of Healthcare Industries in the United Kingdom and the United States of America How Can Who Help the Developing Countries to Improve the General Wellbeing of Their People? Aging: Why Does Our Body Give up Within Time? Which Methods Can Linger the Process of Aging? How to Treat People with Autism? Duromine: Myths, Effective Outcomes and Potential Drawbacks of This Preparation Top New 10 Remedies You Should Never Take in 2018 The Main Factors That Make People Suffer from Various Diseases in Africa Laser Correction of the Sight: How Dependable And Safe Is It? Criminals at Work: How Do Mental Ailments Affect the Mind of the Maniacs? Is Homosexuality a Psychological Deviation or Simply the Conscious Way of Life? The Most Critical Issues of the Healthcare Industry in the United States Of America Make use out of our list of topic suggestions. Choose similar topics and describe really significant matters. Find an issue that is relevant to the current society or your community and highlight it. You are free to choose the direction of your research. You may describe the common problems of an issue, give recommendations on how to treat a disease, discuss health industries of different countries, concentrate on a concrete health deviation and something of the kind. A Health Case Study Sample Sometimes, people know the slightest details about how to write this or that academic research. Nonetheless, they cannot put the things together. To see a picture full, use some examples. Here is one such. One of the most common and really threatening diseases in the world is cancer. It exists in different forms and has disastrous consequences. It ruins the common harmony and takes away thousands of lives annually. Therefore, it should be stopped. In order to overcome cancer, we should undertake effective preventive measures, which lead to a healthy life without the disease. Cancer is a serious disease, which directly threatens our life. It was estimated that in 2018 there will appear 1,735,350 new cases of cancer of different kinds. The predictions are terrifying. Approximately 609,640 patients will die from it or its terrible consequences. The most typical cancer forms are breast, lung, prostate, colon, and bladder cancer. The scientists and physicians do their best to use treatment therapies effectively and with less ruinous consequences. It is known that chemotherapy induces sufficient harm for patients even if they gain a remission. However, the clue may be the prevention of cancer. There are some really effective measures, which will help to escape this terrible problem. Amongst the most obvious methods of prevention are to give up tobacco smoking, maintain a healthy diet, and avoid obesity. Lung cancer is probably the most frequent form of the disease. Many smokers consciously predispose themselves to receive it. The consumption of unhealthy food and excess weight are other two contributors to its occurrence. People should eat healthy and natural products. In addition, it’s recommended being physically engaged. Skin cancer is another typical form of the disease. Therefore, you should not be frequently exposed to the sun. Our body really needs the sunlight. Nonetheless, the dosing should be reasonable. Avoid the sun at midday, when its rays are most harmful. Everybody should better get immunized. The enhancement of your immunity helps to get rid of multiple ailments and deviations. Cancer is no exception. Besides, other ailments, such as hepatitis B, sufficiently increase the probability that cancer may take place. Strengthen your body in different ways, avoid risky behaviors (such as unprotected sex), and have a regular check-up with your physician. Thus, you decrease the risk of being affected by the disease. Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases all over the globe. If we wish to fight it back, we should begin with the maintenance of our lifestyle. We should give up all unhealthy habits and improve our health in different ways. Thus, this disease can be stopped. Look for more health and social care case studies examples. They will help you to define some insights about how to handle this kind of papers and write about this important sphere. Make essential notes and use them in your paper imbuing it with reasonable facts. References: Cancer Health Center. Webmd.com, https://www.webmd.com/cancer/default.htm, 2015. Rodriguez. D. Know the Most Common Types of Cancer. Everdayhealth.com, https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/know-the-most-common-types-of-cancer.aspx, 2016. Long. S. The Facts About Common Cancers Are Scary, but They Might Save a Life. Sheknows.com, https://www.sheknows.com/health-and-wellness/articles/823419/10-most-common-cancers-in-the-us, 2016 Cancer Worldwide Data. WCRF, org, https://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/worldwide-data, 2012 10 cancer symptoms women shouldnt ignore. MDAndersob.org, https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/august-2014/cancer-symptoms-women.html, 2018 Jung. A. 13 Signs of Cancer in Men You Need to Stop Ignoring. RD.com, https://www.rd.com/health/conditions/signs-cancer-men/, 2018 Rath. L. 15 Cancer Symptoms Men Ignore. Webmd.com, https://www.webmd.com/cancer/features/15-cancer-symptoms-men-ignore#1, 2016

How to Get Into UC Berkeley 4 Steps to a Stellar Application

How to Get Into UC Berkeley 4 Steps to a Stellar Application SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wondering how to get into UC Berkeley? Getting accepted to Berkeley can be tough.How hard is it to get into Berkeley? In 2018, UC Berkeley received 85,615 applications, and it admitted 13,558 of those applicants, for an acceptance rate of 15.1%. This makes UC Berkeley a â€Å"strongly competitive school†: it’s not quite as competitive as Ivy League schools, but you’ll need to have a strong application across the board in order to get accepted.In the rest of this guide, we’ll explain the UC Berkeley admissions requirements, when and how you should apply, exactly what Berkeley looks at when they review your application and how you can create the strongest application to maximize your chances of getting into Berkeley. How Does UC Berkeley Evaluate Applications? Compared to many other schools, Berkeley is pretty transparent about what they’re looking for in applicants and how they evaluate applications. They first make sure you meet the minimum UC Berkeley admissions requirements, then they assess your academic history, and then they do a holistic review where they take other areas into account, such as your extracurriculars and responses to essay questions. UC Berkeley states that they use a â€Å"broad concept† of merit, which means no one part of the holistic review is automatically worth more than the others. Below are the factors UC Berkeley evaluates for the minimum requirements, academic assessment, and holistic review. Minimum Requirements Meet the A-G subject course requirements: History: 2 years English: 4 years Mathematics: 3 years Laboratory science: 2 years Language other than English: 2 years Visual and performing arts: 1 year College-preparatory elective: 1 year Have a 3.0 GPA in A-G courses taken in the 10th and th grade years. (3.4 GPA for non-California residents) Take either the SAT plus Essay or the ACT exam plus Writing Academic Assessment Your weighted and unweighted UC grade point average (calculated using 10th and th grade UC-approved courses only) Your planned 12th grade courses Your pattern of grades over time The number of college preparatory, Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB), honors and transferable college courses you have completed Your grades in those courses relative to other UC applicants at your school Your scores on AP or IB exams Your scores on the ACT or SAT Holistic Review Number and rigor of high school courses taken and grades earned in those courses Personal qualities of the applicant, including leadership ability, character, motivation, insight, tenacity, initiative, originality, intellectual independence, responsibility, maturity, and demonstrated concern for others and for the community are considered Likely contributions to the intellectual and cultural vitality of the campus. In addition to a broad range of intellectual interests and achievements, admission readers seek diversity in personal background and experience Performance on standardized tests Achievement in academic enrichment programs, including but not limited to those sponsored by the University of California. This criterion is measured by time and depth of participation, by the academic progress made by the applicant during that participation, and by the intellectual rigor of the particular program Other evidence of achievement. This criterion recognizes exemplary, sustained achievement in any field of intellectual or creative endeavor; accomplishments in extracurricular activities such as the performing arts or athletics; leadership in school or community organizations; employment; and volunteer service So what does it take to get into Berkeley? Basically, you need to have good grades in difficult classes, strong standardized test scores, and show that you’ll have a positive impact on campus. In the rest of this article we’ll explain exactly what you can do to meet each of the expectations Berkeley wants to see in applicants. UC Berkeley Application Deadlines If you want to know how to get into UC Berkeley, you first need to know all the major application deadlines. Berkeley states right on their website that they almost never accept late applications, so don’t miss any deadlines!UC Berkeley doesn’t offer early action or early decision options, so everyone applying has the same deadlines. Deadline Action August 1 UC Berkeley application opens November 1-30 Period application can be submitted online December Self-report December test scores January-February Submit official December test score results February-March Admissions decisions are sent out March 2 Financial aid applications due May 1 Reply date for all accepted first year students July 1 Admitted students must submit their final high school transcript The most important deadline you need to be aware of is November 30th. This is the last day you can submit your Berkeley application. However, as long as you have your application submitted by November 30th, you can still take the SAT/ACT in December. If you decide to do this, you’ll self-report your scores in December, then send your official scores once you get them in January or February. We don’t recommend waiting until December to take the SAT or ACT because if you’re unhappy with your score you won’t have any other chances to retake it. However, if you’ve taken the exam several times and want one more shot, a December test date is an option. You’ll learn if you’ve been accepted to UC Berkeley in March (occasionally as early as February), and you’ll have until May 1st to decide which school to attend. How to Apply to UC Berkeley There are four main steps to applying to Berkeley. The earlier you begin your application (as early as August 1st) the more time you’ll have to complete all the steps and the less pressure you’ll be under to meet the deadline. The steps are the same regardless of which UC school(s) you’re applying to since all UC schools use the same application (and you only need to submit one application, even if you apply to other UC schools in addition to Berkeley. Below is an overview of how to apply to Berkeley. For more in-depth information, check out our complete guide to applying to UC schools. Step 1: Create an Account First you need to create an applicant account. This step will only take about a few minutes since you just need to fill out basic information. Step 2: Complete the UC Application After creating your account, you’ll be immediately sent to the beginning of the application. Some of the key parts of the application include: Entering information about which UC school(s) you’re applying to (you’d choose UC Berkeley, but you can also apply to other UC schools with the same application) and what you plan on majoring in Filling out your eligibility for scholarships Answering demographic questions Filling out your academic history (what classes you took, the grades you got in them, if they were honors or AP, etc.) Filling out information on your extracurriculars and any awards you’ve won Self-reporting your standardized test scores Answering the personal insight questions There are eight personal statement questions, and you’ll need to answer four of them. Each response needs to be 350 words or less.The prompts are listed on the UC admissions website Step 3: Pay Admission Fees and Submit Your Application Once you’ve finished each section your application, you can submit it, as long as it’s between November 1-30. You’ll also need to pay the $70 application fee ($80 if you’re an international student). Then you’ll click submit, and your application will officially be sent to Berkeley! Step 4: Submit Your Standardized Test Scores You’ll self submit your test scores when you fill out your application, but you also need to send official score reports to Berkeley.You’ll need to take either the ACT with Writing or the SAT with Essay. You aren’t required to take AP exams or SAT Subject Tests, but Berkeley does recommend taking at least a few and submitting those scores as well. We have guides specifically on sending ACT scores and SAT scores to colleges if you need more information. What You Need to Get Into Berkeley Berkeley wants top students so you need to make sure your application is strong across the board. Below are the five most important categories Berkeley evaluates when they look at applications. If you stand out in most or all of these areas you’ll have a great shot at getting into UC Berkeley! Classes The classes you took in high school are often the most important part of your college application. When UC Berkeley admissions officers look at your classes, they’re looking at two things: the actual courses you took and how difficult they were.For the first category, they want to make sure you’ve taken the classes you need to succeed as a college student at one of their schools. This means taking the A-G courses that we mentioned above. Remember that the A-G courses are the minimum UC Berkeley admissions requirements; most applicants will have gone well beyond these requirements. Some majors, especially those in math or science, recommend or require additional classes before you start college. For example, if you want to major in chemistry, Berkeley requires you to have taken one year of chemistry, one year of physics, four years of math, and two to three years of a foreign language. Research your intended major on Berkeley’s website to check the specific requirements you need to meet. In general, it’s best to take more classes in the fields you plan on majoring in. Berkeley also looks at the difficulty of the classes you took. They’re specifically looking for honors, AP, or IB courses since these are more difficult than regular-level classes. If your school offers these classes, you should take as many as you can without overloading yourself and still maintaining a high GPA.Taking difficult classes shows them that you’re focused on your studies and can handle the challenge and workload of college classes. Also, Berkeley specifically mentions that they look at the â€Å"quality of your senior-year program,†, so don’t be tempted to slack off senior year with a bunch of easy classes! Grades It’s not enough just to take the classes Berkeley want; you also need to do well in them. Your grades and overall GPA are another critical component of your Berkeley application.For Berkeley, as well as all UC schools, you need to have at least a 3.0 GPA in your A-G classes if you’re a California resident, or a 3.4 GPA if you’re a non-resident. Additionally, you can’t have gotten below a â€Å"C† in any of the A-G classes. However, you should aim higher than this. The middle 50% range for weighted GPA of accepted students in 2018 at Berkeley is 4.16-4.30. That means 25% of admitted students had a GPA lower than 4.16, and 25% of admitted students had a GPA higher than 4.30. To give yourself the best chance of getting into UC Berkeley, you should aim to have a weighted GPA of 4.30 or higher. This means you’ll have a higher GPA than the majority of accepted students which gives you a great chance at getting in.To get a weighted GPA of 4.30, you’ll need to get A’s in most of your classes, and you’ll also need to take advanced classes like honors or AP that’ll further raise your GPA. Test Scores There is no minimum SAT or ACT score you need to get into Berkeley, but you’ll want to aim high to give yourself the best chance of getting accepted.The middle 50% SAT score range for accepted Berkeley students in 2018 is 1340-1530, and for the ACT it’s 30-35. Again, you want to aim for the higher end of this range, so your goal should be either a 1530 on the SAT or a 35 on the ACT. Remember, it’s completely possible to get into Berkeley with scores lower than these (most admitted students will have scores lower than these), but setting that as your goal gives you a good score to aim for so you can maximize your chances of getting into UC Berkeley.Also, don’t forget that Berkeley also requires the essay/writing section of the SAT and ACT. While Berkeley doesn’t require any SAT Subject Test scores or AP scores, having at least a few of these will further strengthen your application by showing you can score well on tests that cover different topics. Your goal should be to submit three Subject Test or AP scores, with at least one related to the area you want to major in (so a math/science score if you want to be a biology major, a social science score if you want to major in history, etc.).For these exams, you should aim to get at least a 700 on the Subject Tests and a 4 on the AP tests. Essays You’ll need to answer four of the UC personal insight prompts, and your responses should show: Who you are What you'd contribute to the Berkeley community What causes/topics/hobbies are important to you What your intellectual interests are Maybe you’ve always been fascinated by space and want to attend UC Berkeley and major in aeronautical engineering, or maybe you dream of being a writer and want to major in English or Creative Writing. Whatever your story is, this is the place for Berkeley to hear it, and it’s the best place in your application to show them who you really are as a person. This is the part of your application where you can really show Berkeley who you are, so be sure to put time and thought into your responses. Berkeley also specifically mentions that the personal insight section is one of the parts of the application they look at most closely.For a more in-depth look at how to stand out with your responses, read our guide on how to write outstanding UC essays. Extracurriculars Your extracurriculars are another important part of your Berkeley application. The best extracurriculars show your leadership skills and passion for whatever the extracurricular focuses on. Exactly which extracurriculars you choose, whether they are related to sports, academics, arts, volunteering, etc., isn’t that important. What will make your extracurriculars stand out is if you can show that you’re passionate about them, have dedicated significant time to them, and have taken on a leadership role or important responsibilities. Some factors Berkeley states they’re specifically looking for in extracurriculars include: Special talents, awards, or achievements Leadership experience Significant experiences or achievements that demonstrate the student's promise for contributing to the intellectual vitality of a campus They list the following examples of strong extracurriculars: Special talent in visual and performing arts, communication or sports Intensive study and exploration of other cultures Significant community service Significant participation in student government Don’t feel like you need to have all or even any of these experiences; they’re just given so you can get an idea of what Berkeley is looking for. Pretty much any extracurricular that you’re passionate about, skilled in, and have shown some leadership potential for is a great extracurricular to include on your application. Note that, even if you send in additional materials, such as an art portfolio, Berkeley won’t take these into consideration when evaluating your application, so be sure to do a good job describing your talents and accomplishments within the application. You can also use the Additional Comments box in the Personal Insights section (see the next section for more info on this). What If You Have a Weak Area in Your Berkeley Application? Not sure how to get into Berkeley if you got a lower SAT score than expected, flunked math freshman year, couldn’t participate in extracurriculars for an extended period because you had mono, or something similar? If there’s a weak area on your Berkeley application, don’t think it automatically means you won’t get in. The majority of Berkeley applicants will have at least one part of their application that isn’t as strong as the others, and very few candidates have a stellar application across all areas. One way you can reduce the impact of these weak areas is to discuss them in the Additional Comments boxes. There are two Additional Comments boxes in the UC Berkeley application, one under Academic History and one under the Personal Insight section.It’s in these boxes that you can explain any information you’d like the application readers to know. For the academic history box, you could, for example, explain why some of your grades are lower than what you wanted (and what you did to raise your grades in future classes), or explain you didn’t get to take as many advanced classes as you wanted to because your school didn’t offer many. For the personal insight box, you should include any relevant information about your extracurriculars there wasn’t a spot for in the application, such as a time you showed exceptional leadership, took initiative, solved a serious problem, etc. Strong extracurriculars can help reduce the impact of a low grade or test score. If you have a weak area of your application, do your best to explain what you’ve learned from it and how you’ve improved since that. Your maturity and self-awareness will impress the people reading your application. Conclusion: How to Get Into UC Berkeley How hard is it to get into Berkeley? Each year, Berkeley admits only about 15% of the students who apply, but you can increase your chances of getting in by understanding how to apply and knowing what the admissions officers are looking for.You can begin the Berkeley application in August, and you have until November 30th to submit your application. Berkeley wants students who are intelligent, leaders, passionate about what they’re studying, and will have a positive impact on campus.To show Berkeley that you’re the type of student they want to admit, you should aim to take difficult classes and get good grades in them (aim for an unweighted GPA of about 4.30). You should also have high scores on the SAT or ACT (aim for a 1530 on the SAT or a 35 on the ACT). For getting into UC Berkeley, you should also have strong extracurriculars and answer the Personal Insight questions thoughtfully. If you’re not sure how to get into Berkeley, Berkeley admissions may seem overwhelming, but if you plan ahead and work to make your application as strong as it can be, you’ll give yourself the best chance of getting into UC Berkeley. What's Next? Applying to other UC Schools?Read our guide on how to apply to UC schools for everything you need to know about the UC application. Want to learn more about the University of California schools?We have an in-depth guide to the UC schoolsto make it easy for you to compare the schools and see which is best for you. Working on your UC essays?Check out our guide onhow to answer every UC essay promptto get great writing ideas. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

How to Get Into UC Berkeley 4 Steps to a Stellar Application

How to Get Into UC Berkeley 4 Steps to a Stellar Application SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wondering how to get into UC Berkeley? Getting accepted to Berkeley can be tough.How hard is it to get into Berkeley? In 2018, UC Berkeley received 85,615 applications, and it admitted 13,558 of those applicants, for an acceptance rate of 15.1%. This makes UC Berkeley a â€Å"strongly competitive school†: it’s not quite as competitive as Ivy League schools, but you’ll need to have a strong application across the board in order to get accepted.In the rest of this guide, we’ll explain the UC Berkeley admissions requirements, when and how you should apply, exactly what Berkeley looks at when they review your application and how you can create the strongest application to maximize your chances of getting into Berkeley. How Does UC Berkeley Evaluate Applications? Compared to many other schools, Berkeley is pretty transparent about what they’re looking for in applicants and how they evaluate applications. They first make sure you meet the minimum UC Berkeley admissions requirements, then they assess your academic history, and then they do a holistic review where they take other areas into account, such as your extracurriculars and responses to essay questions. UC Berkeley states that they use a â€Å"broad concept† of merit, which means no one part of the holistic review is automatically worth more than the others. Below are the factors UC Berkeley evaluates for the minimum requirements, academic assessment, and holistic review. Minimum Requirements Meet the A-G subject course requirements: History: 2 years English: 4 years Mathematics: 3 years Laboratory science: 2 years Language other than English: 2 years Visual and performing arts: 1 year College-preparatory elective: 1 year Have a 3.0 GPA in A-G courses taken in the 10th and th grade years. (3.4 GPA for non-California residents) Take either the SAT plus Essay or the ACT exam plus Writing Academic Assessment Your weighted and unweighted UC grade point average (calculated using 10th and th grade UC-approved courses only) Your planned 12th grade courses Your pattern of grades over time The number of college preparatory, Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB), honors and transferable college courses you have completed Your grades in those courses relative to other UC applicants at your school Your scores on AP or IB exams Your scores on the ACT or SAT Holistic Review Number and rigor of high school courses taken and grades earned in those courses Personal qualities of the applicant, including leadership ability, character, motivation, insight, tenacity, initiative, originality, intellectual independence, responsibility, maturity, and demonstrated concern for others and for the community are considered Likely contributions to the intellectual and cultural vitality of the campus. In addition to a broad range of intellectual interests and achievements, admission readers seek diversity in personal background and experience Performance on standardized tests Achievement in academic enrichment programs, including but not limited to those sponsored by the University of California. This criterion is measured by time and depth of participation, by the academic progress made by the applicant during that participation, and by the intellectual rigor of the particular program Other evidence of achievement. This criterion recognizes exemplary, sustained achievement in any field of intellectual or creative endeavor; accomplishments in extracurricular activities such as the performing arts or athletics; leadership in school or community organizations; employment; and volunteer service So what does it take to get into Berkeley? Basically, you need to have good grades in difficult classes, strong standardized test scores, and show that you’ll have a positive impact on campus. In the rest of this article we’ll explain exactly what you can do to meet each of the expectations Berkeley wants to see in applicants. UC Berkeley Application Deadlines If you want to know how to get into UC Berkeley, you first need to know all the major application deadlines. Berkeley states right on their website that they almost never accept late applications, so don’t miss any deadlines!UC Berkeley doesn’t offer early action or early decision options, so everyone applying has the same deadlines. Deadline Action August 1 UC Berkeley application opens November 1-30 Period application can be submitted online December Self-report December test scores January-February Submit official December test score results February-March Admissions decisions are sent out March 2 Financial aid applications due May 1 Reply date for all accepted first year students July 1 Admitted students must submit their final high school transcript The most important deadline you need to be aware of is November 30th. This is the last day you can submit your Berkeley application. However, as long as you have your application submitted by November 30th, you can still take the SAT/ACT in December. If you decide to do this, you’ll self-report your scores in December, then send your official scores once you get them in January or February. We don’t recommend waiting until December to take the SAT or ACT because if you’re unhappy with your score you won’t have any other chances to retake it. However, if you’ve taken the exam several times and want one more shot, a December test date is an option. You’ll learn if you’ve been accepted to UC Berkeley in March (occasionally as early as February), and you’ll have until May 1st to decide which school to attend. How to Apply to UC Berkeley There are four main steps to applying to Berkeley. The earlier you begin your application (as early as August 1st) the more time you’ll have to complete all the steps and the less pressure you’ll be under to meet the deadline. The steps are the same regardless of which UC school(s) you’re applying to since all UC schools use the same application (and you only need to submit one application, even if you apply to other UC schools in addition to Berkeley. Below is an overview of how to apply to Berkeley. For more in-depth information, check out our complete guide to applying to UC schools. Step 1: Create an Account First you need to create an applicant account. This step will only take about a few minutes since you just need to fill out basic information. Step 2: Complete the UC Application After creating your account, you’ll be immediately sent to the beginning of the application. Some of the key parts of the application include: Entering information about which UC school(s) you’re applying to (you’d choose UC Berkeley, but you can also apply to other UC schools with the same application) and what you plan on majoring in Filling out your eligibility for scholarships Answering demographic questions Filling out your academic history (what classes you took, the grades you got in them, if they were honors or AP, etc.) Filling out information on your extracurriculars and any awards you’ve won Self-reporting your standardized test scores Answering the personal insight questions There are eight personal statement questions, and you’ll need to answer four of them. Each response needs to be 350 words or less.The prompts are listed on the UC admissions website Step 3: Pay Admission Fees and Submit Your Application Once you’ve finished each section your application, you can submit it, as long as it’s between November 1-30. You’ll also need to pay the $70 application fee ($80 if you’re an international student). Then you’ll click submit, and your application will officially be sent to Berkeley! Step 4: Submit Your Standardized Test Scores You’ll self submit your test scores when you fill out your application, but you also need to send official score reports to Berkeley.You’ll need to take either the ACT with Writing or the SAT with Essay. You aren’t required to take AP exams or SAT Subject Tests, but Berkeley does recommend taking at least a few and submitting those scores as well. We have guides specifically on sending ACT scores and SAT scores to colleges if you need more information. What You Need to Get Into Berkeley Berkeley wants top students so you need to make sure your application is strong across the board. Below are the five most important categories Berkeley evaluates when they look at applications. If you stand out in most or all of these areas you’ll have a great shot at getting into UC Berkeley! Classes The classes you took in high school are often the most important part of your college application. When UC Berkeley admissions officers look at your classes, they’re looking at two things: the actual courses you took and how difficult they were.For the first category, they want to make sure you’ve taken the classes you need to succeed as a college student at one of their schools. This means taking the A-G courses that we mentioned above. Remember that the A-G courses are the minimum UC Berkeley admissions requirements; most applicants will have gone well beyond these requirements. Some majors, especially those in math or science, recommend or require additional classes before you start college. For example, if you want to major in chemistry, Berkeley requires you to have taken one year of chemistry, one year of physics, four years of math, and two to three years of a foreign language. Research your intended major on Berkeley’s website to check the specific requirements you need to meet. In general, it’s best to take more classes in the fields you plan on majoring in. Berkeley also looks at the difficulty of the classes you took. They’re specifically looking for honors, AP, or IB courses since these are more difficult than regular-level classes. If your school offers these classes, you should take as many as you can without overloading yourself and still maintaining a high GPA.Taking difficult classes shows them that you’re focused on your studies and can handle the challenge and workload of college classes. Also, Berkeley specifically mentions that they look at the â€Å"quality of your senior-year program,†, so don’t be tempted to slack off senior year with a bunch of easy classes! Grades It’s not enough just to take the classes Berkeley want; you also need to do well in them. Your grades and overall GPA are another critical component of your Berkeley application.For Berkeley, as well as all UC schools, you need to have at least a 3.0 GPA in your A-G classes if you’re a California resident, or a 3.4 GPA if you’re a non-resident. Additionally, you can’t have gotten below a â€Å"C† in any of the A-G classes. However, you should aim higher than this. The middle 50% range for weighted GPA of accepted students in 2018 at Berkeley is 4.16-4.30. That means 25% of admitted students had a GPA lower than 4.16, and 25% of admitted students had a GPA higher than 4.30. To give yourself the best chance of getting into UC Berkeley, you should aim to have a weighted GPA of 4.30 or higher. This means you’ll have a higher GPA than the majority of accepted students which gives you a great chance at getting in.To get a weighted GPA of 4.30, you’ll need to get A’s in most of your classes, and you’ll also need to take advanced classes like honors or AP that’ll further raise your GPA. Test Scores There is no minimum SAT or ACT score you need to get into Berkeley, but you’ll want to aim high to give yourself the best chance of getting accepted.The middle 50% SAT score range for accepted Berkeley students in 2018 is 1340-1530, and for the ACT it’s 30-35. Again, you want to aim for the higher end of this range, so your goal should be either a 1530 on the SAT or a 35 on the ACT. Remember, it’s completely possible to get into Berkeley with scores lower than these (most admitted students will have scores lower than these), but setting that as your goal gives you a good score to aim for so you can maximize your chances of getting into UC Berkeley.Also, don’t forget that Berkeley also requires the essay/writing section of the SAT and ACT. While Berkeley doesn’t require any SAT Subject Test scores or AP scores, having at least a few of these will further strengthen your application by showing you can score well on tests that cover different topics. Your goal should be to submit three Subject Test or AP scores, with at least one related to the area you want to major in (so a math/science score if you want to be a biology major, a social science score if you want to major in history, etc.).For these exams, you should aim to get at least a 700 on the Subject Tests and a 4 on the AP tests. Essays You’ll need to answer four of the UC personal insight prompts, and your responses should show: Who you are What you'd contribute to the Berkeley community What causes/topics/hobbies are important to you What your intellectual interests are Maybe you’ve always been fascinated by space and want to attend UC Berkeley and major in aeronautical engineering, or maybe you dream of being a writer and want to major in English or Creative Writing. Whatever your story is, this is the place for Berkeley to hear it, and it’s the best place in your application to show them who you really are as a person. This is the part of your application where you can really show Berkeley who you are, so be sure to put time and thought into your responses. Berkeley also specifically mentions that the personal insight section is one of the parts of the application they look at most closely.For a more in-depth look at how to stand out with your responses, read our guide on how to write outstanding UC essays. Extracurriculars Your extracurriculars are another important part of your Berkeley application. The best extracurriculars show your leadership skills and passion for whatever the extracurricular focuses on. Exactly which extracurriculars you choose, whether they are related to sports, academics, arts, volunteering, etc., isn’t that important. What will make your extracurriculars stand out is if you can show that you’re passionate about them, have dedicated significant time to them, and have taken on a leadership role or important responsibilities. Some factors Berkeley states they’re specifically looking for in extracurriculars include: Special talents, awards, or achievements Leadership experience Significant experiences or achievements that demonstrate the student's promise for contributing to the intellectual vitality of a campus They list the following examples of strong extracurriculars: Special talent in visual and performing arts, communication or sports Intensive study and exploration of other cultures Significant community service Significant participation in student government Don’t feel like you need to have all or even any of these experiences; they’re just given so you can get an idea of what Berkeley is looking for. Pretty much any extracurricular that you’re passionate about, skilled in, and have shown some leadership potential for is a great extracurricular to include on your application. Note that, even if you send in additional materials, such as an art portfolio, Berkeley won’t take these into consideration when evaluating your application, so be sure to do a good job describing your talents and accomplishments within the application. You can also use the Additional Comments box in the Personal Insights section (see the next section for more info on this). What If You Have a Weak Area in Your Berkeley Application? Not sure how to get into Berkeley if you got a lower SAT score than expected, flunked math freshman year, couldn’t participate in extracurriculars for an extended period because you had mono, or something similar? If there’s a weak area on your Berkeley application, don’t think it automatically means you won’t get in. The majority of Berkeley applicants will have at least one part of their application that isn’t as strong as the others, and very few candidates have a stellar application across all areas. One way you can reduce the impact of these weak areas is to discuss them in the Additional Comments boxes. There are two Additional Comments boxes in the UC Berkeley application, one under Academic History and one under the Personal Insight section.It’s in these boxes that you can explain any information you’d like the application readers to know. For the academic history box, you could, for example, explain why some of your grades are lower than what you wanted (and what you did to raise your grades in future classes), or explain you didn’t get to take as many advanced classes as you wanted to because your school didn’t offer many. For the personal insight box, you should include any relevant information about your extracurriculars there wasn’t a spot for in the application, such as a time you showed exceptional leadership, took initiative, solved a serious problem, etc. Strong extracurriculars can help reduce the impact of a low grade or test score. If you have a weak area of your application, do your best to explain what you’ve learned from it and how you’ve improved since that. Your maturity and self-awareness will impress the people reading your application. Conclusion: How to Get Into UC Berkeley How hard is it to get into Berkeley? Each year, Berkeley admits only about 15% of the students who apply, but you can increase your chances of getting in by understanding how to apply and knowing what the admissions officers are looking for.You can begin the Berkeley application in August, and you have until November 30th to submit your application. Berkeley wants students who are intelligent, leaders, passionate about what they’re studying, and will have a positive impact on campus.To show Berkeley that you’re the type of student they want to admit, you should aim to take difficult classes and get good grades in them (aim for an unweighted GPA of about 4.30). You should also have high scores on the SAT or ACT (aim for a 1530 on the SAT or a 35 on the ACT). For getting into UC Berkeley, you should also have strong extracurriculars and answer the Personal Insight questions thoughtfully. If you’re not sure how to get into Berkeley, Berkeley admissions may seem overwhelming, but if you plan ahead and work to make your application as strong as it can be, you’ll give yourself the best chance of getting into UC Berkeley. What's Next? Applying to other UC Schools?Read our guide on how to apply to UC schools for everything you need to know about the UC application. Want to learn more about the University of California schools?We have an in-depth guide to the UC schoolsto make it easy for you to compare the schools and see which is best for you. Working on your UC essays?Check out our guide onhow to answer every UC essay promptto get great writing ideas. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Reflection on the movie We Are Marshall Research Paper

Reflection on the movie We Are Marshall - Research Paper Example Reflection on the movie "We Are Marshall" I consider this movie as an apt tribute to the victims of the plane crash because the remaining members of the Thundering Herd football team are not ready to give up. Besides, the movie is symbolic of the relationship between sports and willpower to withstand critical circumstances in human life. The film and the history of sports and games in America The director makes use of a historical incident in his film to portray the after effect of the same. But the director does not try to unearth the background of the tragic incident. Instead, he utilizes the incident as the background of his film. One can see that injury is usual in sports and games. But destruction of a whole team due to a plane crash is unimaginable. Within this context, the McG is aware of his role as film director. He never tries to unveil the background of the tragic incident. But he totally ignores the background and concentrates his attention on the after effect of the plane crash. If the director tries to concentr ate on the background of the incident, the output will be a historical anecdote. Here, a film direct cannot use his or her individual freedom. If the director decides to make use of an incident as a theme, he or she can utilize individual freedom. In my opinion, the director did not get distracted by the historical importance of the incident. This helps the film to go beyond a historical anecdote with limited scope. So, one can see that a historical event is the film’s theme but the same is used as a foundation to portray the after effects or the following events. ... Tribute to the victims of plane crash The film is based upon a real incident which happened in the year 1970 in America. Baker Publishing Group (2009) stated that, â€Å"In the sports movie We Are Marshall, nearly the entire Marshall University football team dies in a plane crash† (p. 411). The team members and the officials of the Thundering Herd football team became victims to the Southern Airways Flight 932 crash. The travel by flight was a rare event for the Thundering Herd football team because they usually made use of other transportation facilities. The Marshall University never suspected a tragic end to their players. One can see that the future dreams of number of families became futile due to the plane crash. But the University authorities were not ready to forget the victims and their family members. The memorials erected at the University campus and Spring Hill Cemetery is symbolic of the homage to the victims of the plane crash. On the other side, the directorâ₠¬â„¢s attempt to inculcate the plane crash and its after effects in his film can be considered as an apt visual tribute for the victims. But the director never tries to consider his film as investigation on the back ground of the plane crash. Instead, he tries to attract the attention of the viewers towards the after effects of the tragedy. I consider the director’s effort is important because it helps the viewers to realize that how to show tribute to the victims of manmade or natural disasters. Sports and games and willpower I consider that one’s achievement in the field of sports is interconnected with one’s willpower to withstand challenges in life. At the same time, failure to achieve success in a sports event helps human beings to realize that the

Principles of Managing Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Principles of Managing Operations - Essay Example Galloway defines 'Operations Management' as 'all activities concerned with the deliberate transformation of materials, information or customers' Elaborating his definition he states that 'Operations Management' is "concerned with both the effective and efficient management of any operation." (1998 1-2) Johnston et al define 'Operations Management' as "concerned with the design, planning, control and improvement of an organization's resources and processes to produce goods or services for customers." Thus key management tasks in operations management are designing, planning, controlling, improvement of activities; transforming input resources into goods or services (input-transformation-output); understanding the organisation's strategic intentions and translating them into operations and performance objectives which in turn guide operations decisions about design, planning, control and improvement of operations resources and processes. (1997 15-25) Supermarkets are self-service food stores stocking and selling a variety of goods including groceries, foods, medicines, clothes, alcohol (where permitted) and other household goods. Supermarkets may offer some goods produced by them but more generally they retail products of many manufacturers. They are often chains of stores supplied by the distribution centres of large businesses. Today they offer home deliveries, online transactions, extend their services to credit cards and other financial products (e.g. Tesco in the UK). They operate on the principles of 'economies of scale' because of which they are able to offer products cheap and convenience because they offer a variety of goods and services in one location. While these features are common to all supermarkets, the creativity with which a supermarket market markets its products (or services), establishes its brand equity and ultimately the quality of services it offers lend it the winning edge. 1. Product Design: As we have seen earlier the brand differentiator in the case of supermarkets is their quality of service to customers. In the case of manufactured goods the customer is not involved in the transformation process and the finished product is stocked prior to supply. On the other hand, American Marketing Association defines a "service" as "Activities, benefits or satisfactions, which are offered for sale or provided in connection with sale of goods." (Galloway 1998 1-2) Customer satisfaction in the context of supermarkets is obtained by locating them in their vicinity or offering free home delivery, offering large varieties to suit customer tastes and delight, the ease with which a customer can find or is helped to find his/her requirements, the efficiency with which the customer is serviced, pricing vis--vis competitors and of course underwriting quality of the products sold. It is difficult to define which of these issues appeals to individual customers but to be in business a supermarket has to strike a balance among them. A customer who is not able to find (for e.g.) sugar in a supermarket, a customer who can not find his favourite brand of coffee because the supermarket does not stock it, a customer who does not find a ready attendant to

Billy Budd - Good and Evil Essay Example for Free

Billy Budd Good and Evil Essay In the play Billy Budd, the author, Hermann Melvinne, creates two conflicting character personalities which are portrayed as good and evil. John Claggart (Master-At-Arms) tries to destroy Billy Budd because he is jealous of Billys reputation and acceptance among the crew. There is also a conflict involving Captain Vere when he is forced to decide on the fate of Billy Budd after he kills Claggart. Billy is a handsome, young sailor, new to the ship and eager to impress. Billy becomes very popular with the crew. When seeing Billy accepted by the crew it reminds him of the their dislike for him and he becomes jealous. The Danksters conversation with Claggart also shows his fear that he will lose the power he held from the fear of others when he says ? they turn from hating you to loving him, and leave you impotent. Claggart becomes determined in destroying Billys reputation. Claggart ? lives on hurting people and his evil nature prevails through his attempts to bring down Billy throughout the play such as when he orders Squeak to ? put that new seaman Budd on report and when he lies to the captain and falsely accuses Billy of starting a mutiny. Billy is innocent in a sense that he has done no wrong which leads to his blind and naive view of evil. The Dankster tries to warn Billy that ? nobodys friend is Jimmy-Legs and by saying ? he is down on you but he does not see Claggart to be a threat of any sort. Billys innocence and devotion to good do not let him see the evil in Claggart whom is trying to destroy him but eventually conflict resulting in the murder of Claggart from a blow by Billy. Billys retaliation leads to another conflict between good and evil where Captain Vere must decide Billys fate after he commits a crime punishable by death after killing Claggart. Vere likes Billys character and would not like to see Billy put to death. Vere accepts that Claggart provoked Billys retaliation by lying and can see the evil in Claggart but also recognizes the call of duty which at war-time was non-tolerable for such an offence. Vere is troubled with the conflict of conscience and duty and under the circumstances of war he does what is right and has Billy hung. Captain Vere loves Billy and has no problem with him in any way but finds where authority has evil it will command. In conclusion Billy was innocent but by failing to see the evil which was upon him he became unable to protect himself from it, being Claggart, who held an authoritarian position higher than him. Captain Vere was also exposed to evil through Claggart by not stripping him of his rank before he began to provoke Billy which then lead to Veres decision to put Billy to death. Therefore even the good exposed to evil in a position of authority will sarcome to evil retaliations.

Brave New World :: essays research papers

Today there are strong debates and questions about the extraordinary breakthroughs in science such as cloning, in communications through the Internet with its never ending pool of knowledge, and the increasing level of immersion in entertainment. People facing the 21st century are trying to determine whether these new realities of life will enhance it and bring life as they know it to a great unprecedented level, or if these new products will contribute and perhaps even cause the destruction of society and life. To many cloning, censoring, and total immersion entertainment are new, but to those who have read Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, the topics are reminiscent of the horror that is found in Huxley's fictional utopian world where the dehumanizing of man is achieved in the interests of "Community, Identity, Stability," the world state's motto. The novel Brave New World shows that in order for a utopian society to achieve a state of stability, a loss of individuality, and the undoing of Mother Nature must occur. Successfully engineering these conditions produces a world where people are finally living "happily ever after," but at a great cost. The time of Brave New World is in the future on the planet earth and it is, a pessimistic accounting of the shape a scientifically planned community would take, of its sterility and human emptiness. Ten controllers of the world states determine all aspects of society. Children are born in state hatcheries where according to what social class they will be, they are given or denied certain elements that are critical to proper development. The citizens are happy and content with their simple lives as it is shown in the novel when it is stated, "We don't want to change. Every change is a menace to stability," therein lies the problem. The key ingredient to stability that the novel implies is that individuality must be absent. The government in Brave New World understands that fact and in the worlds of one of the ten controllers of the world states, "[there is] no civilization without social stability. No social stability without individual stability." The need for stability creates a government which believes that stability can be achieved if people think and look the same. Stability, in effect, demands robots, not people. The main element of what makes a person human and unique are the emotions that inhabit their minds, which they can control to some degree.

Heart of Darkness – Lies

According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, a lie is an untrue or inaccurate statement that may or may not be believed true by the speaker or it is something that misleads or deceives. In other words, a lie is an untruth. In life lies are told for many different reasons. In fiction they give a little more body to the plot. In Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Marlow dislikes lies and therefore only tells them in extraordinary circumstances. The lie show that Marlow, even though he has been touched by evil, he is still a good man himself; that he never actually tells a lie, though he lets others continue to believe what they already believe; and by doing this, it helps him justify the lies. Marlow, in the middle of his story, interrupts himself and says â€Å"You know I hate, detest, and can't bear a lie. † If reading this and only this statement alone, we can clearly see Marlow does not like lies. Marlow feels there is a â€Å"taint of death, and a flavor of mortality in lies. Lying makes him feel â€Å"miserable and sick, like biting something rotten would do. † Since he feels this way, we as the reader know that he would only tell a lie in extraordinary circumstances. The lie was told to Kurtz’s â€Å"intended† so that the beloved image of her dead fiance would not be destroyed. She has waited at least two years for her lover to return from Africa, and now he is dead. During this time she has built his image up in her mind. To her, Kurtz is a man to be admired. She feels it would be â€Å"impossible not to love him. She was proud to have been engaged to Kurtz, and would be shocked to learn of the bad things he had done in the jungle. Marlow had to decide if he should tell her the truth about Kurtz and cause her even greater sadness, or let her go on believing that he was indeed a good man. This is an extraordinary circumstance, and so one in which Marlow could tell a lie. The significance of this lie is that it would serve no purpose to tell the truth, so Marlow does not. The truth wouldn’t matter because Kurtz is dead and to tell the truth would only hurt an innocent woman who had no idea that her fiance had an evil heart. She thought that he was loved and admired by everyone who knew him, so if she would have learned of the bad things he had done, it would eternally destroy her. Marlow also showed his good side by not telling her the truth about Kurtz. This was a good ending to the novel because it means that even though Marlow has met a man with a â€Å"Heart of Darkness,† and that even after facing his own darkness, he has come out of the jungle morally unchanged, for the most part. He is still a good human being with feelings and a sense of right and wrong. If we read closely, we see that Marlow never actually told a lie. He simply allowed others to continue to believe an untruth. The â€Å"intended† thought Kurtz as a good man, and Marlow allowed her to continue to believe just that. Also the â€Å"intended† remains as unknowing of the truth as she always has, and remains a part of the foreboding darkness with which the story ends. As a gentleman, Marlow feels that women are to be protected and insulated from any unpleasantness, he states that â€Å"the women are out of touch with truth†, that they are incapable of dealing with any reality. Since he never actually told a lie, he was better able to justify them to himself. In conclusion, Marlow dislikes lies, and only tells them in extraordinary circumstances. When he does lie, it is for the sake of others, not for himself. This shows that he is a civil and kind human being. It is unfortunate that all lies are not told with such dignified purpose. The world would be a better place if they were. Though, Marlow’s quest for truth is never really fulfilled at the end of the novel because of the lie. The truth did not set him free; instead it put him further into the â€Å"darkness†.

India and Pakistan: Most Different Systems

It is a cardinal truth that one of the most important factors in the political environment of the Asiatic region is the relationship between India and Pakistan. The system analysis with regard to India and Pakistan is a most interesting affair for an obvious reason. It shows how a people who had lived together for centuries can drift apart on communal question. Not only that, it also shows that due to differences in political culture the two states have, in spite of an equal start, chosen two divergent ways. As such, their fundamental differences have become clearly visible and practically speaking, it is very difficult, if not impossible to bridge the gulf. Particularly, their conflict has, in the meanwhile, turned this Asiatic region into a storm centre which may at any time trigger off a nuclear holocaust. Above all, this political tension has merged with global politics and, hence, the problem has become more acute. Before August 15, 1947, India was a unified state. The two dominions – India and Pakistan – came into being as separate states on that very day as a result of communal frenzy and blood-strained riots. It is a significant fact that the British rule was introduced in India by overthrowing the Muslim rulers and, hence, the Muslim community had a bitter hatred of the British. This hatred soon turned into an enmity with the western culture as well as their science and literature. But the Hindus accepted English and, thus, soon they were acquainted with the western culture and their thoughts – specially the concepts of liberty. As such, political consciousness grew up rapidly and in 1885, the Congress came into being as a national organization for political agitation. Though it was a secular entity and many Muslims joined it with a genuine eagerness, some Muslim leaders dubbed it as a Hindu organization and Sayid Ahmed, in particular, taught the Muslims that their interests were different and even at cross purposes. Thus, a counter movement came to the fore, swearing loyalty to the British. â€Å"The British also pulled strings behind the scene† (De, 103). In this way, the British authorities pursued the ‘Divide and Rule’ policy for its own interests and, thus, the gulf began to enlarge. With the British encouragement, the Muslim League was formed in 1906 for acting as a counterpoise for the Congress. Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy, once observed that ‘fifty millions of men were themselves a nation and a very powerful nation’. Similarly, Lord Salisbury, the Secretary of state for India announced that ‘it would be impossible for England to hand over the Indian Muslims to the tender mercies of hostile majority’. The British government was, thus, sowing the seeds of Pakistan more than half a century before it was actually born (Chopra, 16). But the elections of 1937 under the government of India Act hastened the crisis. While the Congress captured power in eight provinces, the league was totally disillusioned. The poor election results convinced Jinnah, the League-leader, that the only way to counteract the Congress was to inflame communal feelings among the Muslims (Sen, 263). Soon, in 1940, the League passed the Pakistan resolution for a separate state (Moon, 41). The rift soon reached the boiling point. The differences bitterly came up during the Cripps Mission and Cabinet Mission. Jinnah called for the ‘Direct Action Day’ on 16th August 1946 which resulted in a terrible blood bath. Soon an interim cabinet was formed – but it was torpedoed by the League Ministers (Bose, 135). It was, thus, realized that the two communities would not be able to live together – on August 15, 1947, two Dominions came up after a partition. Basic Differences Though both India and Pakistan had an equal start, the differences have become discernible which are discussed hereunder as follows: Political: Constitutional India has adopted a democratic system in which the actual power resides on the people. The central and provincial cabinets are, under Art 75 (2) and   Art 164 (1), responsible to the Lok Sabha and local Assembly respectively, which are composed by popular election. Moreover, Art 326 has granted the right to vote to each person irrespective of class, creed, religion etc. after reaching the age of 18. Thus, this is a dynamic representative democracy (Basu, 23). However, soon after the birth of Pakistan, it came under military dictatorship. Though on occasions, civil governments came to power, it is primarily a military system virtually from 1969 (Agarwal, 422). Foreign Policy: India has adopted the principal of non-alignment in its foreign policy when in the post war period most of the states joined either of the two power blocs, India, along with a few other nations, adopted the policy of equidistance from them. It means the independence of action. India’s foreign policy does not allow herself to follow a previously defined path. This independence of action enables India to judge each issue in its own merits and without any prejudice (Keswani, 512). But, in order to enlist American support on the Kashmir issue, Pakistan, soon after its birth, joined the American bloc. Pakistan sought artificial strength by her alliance with America and through SEATO and the Baghdad pact (Khanna, 78). But, curiously, after the Sino-Indian war of 1962 (when America came forward with its men, machines and money to save India from a probable Chinese destruction), Pakistan entered into a friendly treaty with China, a stalwart of communist camp. It means, unmistakably, that Pakistan has no consistency in its foreign policy. Most surprisingly, while Pakistan resorted to a friendly relation with America, it is also maintaining (at least reportedly) a positive relation with the Middle Eastern states – some of whom are even arch rivals of the United Sates. Its main consideration is enmity with India. Party System India had, initially, a ‘one party dominant system’ (Morris-Jones, 215). However, with its gradual eclipse, coalition politics has spread over the country. It obviously implies some alliances and compromises among the leaders of various parties for directing the political affairs. But, Pakistan is dominated not by the political leaders, but by the military Generals. One General has captured power by removing another through military coup. Thus, politics has been dominated there by militarism and an understanding between the Government and the Opposition has been a rare affair. Religious India has accepted the principle of secularism which implies governmental impartiality in religious affairs. Its Preamble has granted ‘liberty of thoughts, expressions, faith, beliefs and worship’. Moreover, Articles 25, 26, 27 and 28 have been the sheet anchor secularism (Johari, 394). Above all, by the 42nd amendment of 1976, it has inserted the term ‘Secular’ in the Preamble. Thus, religious tolerance is the basic feature of the Indian system. But, Pakistan is an Islamic country which has accepted Islam as the state religion. However, on the morning of July 13, 1947, Jinnah declared Minorities, to whichever community they may belong, will be safeguarded. Their religion, or faith or belief will be protected in every way possible. Their life and property will be secure. There will be no interference of any kind with their freedom of worship. They will have their protection with regard to their religion, their faith, their life, their property, and their culture. They will be, in all respects, citizens of Pakistan without any distinction of caste or color, religion or creed. (qtd. in Kauba 89) However, being a typical Islamic state, Pakistan accepted Islam as the state-religion and, in most cases, knows no tolerance of other faiths. The laws are based on ‘Sheriyat’ which is claimed to be derived from the sacred Quran. In such states, ‘Ulemas’ and ‘Imams’ guide the social and religious life and a sharp discrimination exists between the Muslims and the other subjects living within the state. People belonging to other creeds such as the Christians, the Buddhists, and the Hindus etc. are looked down upon and seldom treated with dignity and honor. The public sectors hardly tolerate any of these creeds at higher designation in the organizational hierarchy. Moreover, the educational syllabus is over burdened with religious lessons instead of practical industrial requirements. Economic Economic systems of the two countries are quite different. India adopted a unique blend of the ideals of socialistic and capitalistic economies. Since the early 1950s it has been proceeding towards economies of development through Five Year Plans (Bhattacharya, 1). It is thus a planned economy with big private sectors. Since its globalization and liberalization policies of 1992, giant multinationals throughout the world has shown serious interest on the Indian market. Resultantly, India has emerged as the fastest growing and the fourth largest economy of the world (Paul, 215). However, Pakistan has adopted purely a capitalistic economy where planning has no place at all. Due to its religious intolerance, political disorders, and dictatorial environment the foreign companies are often too much hesitant to invest in that market. Natural Resources India is much richer in natural resources. It has a vast territory where different types of agricultural crops are produced and mineral resources are harvested. In comparison, Pakistan is surly poor. Rice and wheat are the main crops. It has some mineral wealth, textiles, jute and tea – (Clement, 64). Some Problems Problems Both India and Pakistan are disturbed by some acute problem. After the gradual erosion of the Congress, a multi – party chaos has gripped India and it has evoked political atmosphere. There are nearly 350 political parties and most of them are leased upon narrow opportunism. Naturally, the task of nation-building has been cast down by such trifling conflicts. Economically also, India is facing a crisis. In spite of planned endeavor for five decades, a gross disparity of income and wealth has been. Communalism is also a formidable problem. Hindu-Muslim conflict has become a common affair and there may be riots just for anything or nothing (Das, 400) In foreign affairs too, some problems seem to be insoluble. With America and China, two super-powers, its relationship is less than normal. Pakistan, its neighbor, is the worst enemy and, Bangladesh, for which it fought in 1971, has drifted far away. Pakistan is, similarly, disturbed with some crucial problems. The conflict between the Siyas and Sunnis often result in severe blow-birth. Moreover, some political parties often agitate against the autocratic Government and it ultimately results in awful bloodshed. But, above all, while there is a large-scale poverty, a considerable part of the national income is to be diverted to the war-preparation. In fact, the Government has to encourage a frenzied bellicosity in its relations with India in order to mobilize public support. In 1949, Pakistan was pushed back in Kashmir and in 1951, 1965 and 1971 it suffered a terrible defeat by India. So the Pak-rulers have been forced to adopt a war-economy, though the national poverty badly needs a peace-time growth-program. Nuclear Preparation   It is interesting to note that fear of war has compelled both India and Pakistan to enter into a race of armament. Thus, through a prolonged endeavor both of them have now become atomic power. But, it is well known that fear of war increases armament and increase of armament increases the fear of war. In this way, their rivalry has ushered in an era of permanent panic. If a war actually breaks out, it would be profitable to none, because the nuclear bombardment would surely bring about a total catastrophe for not only the belligerents but also for the entire region. For this reason, some sort of understanding is urgently necessary. Of course, Kashmir is the bone of contention between them and none is prepared to give up its claim over this strategic spot. But, unless some compromise is reached, the conflict of Kashmir might one day, obliterate the both of them from the global map. Conclusion But, by any means, they must find out a way towards the lasting peace. It is interesting to note that though Germany was divided into two parts after the Second World War. However, they have, after five decades, merged together. In this sense, India and Pakistan cannot, perhaps in the near future, mingle together in this way. But, for realistic reasons, they must come nearer and build up a workable relationship. Of course, Kashmir has stood up as the stumbling obstacle. But mutual war and conflicts can never bring about a peaceful solution. Only an understanding on the basis of ‘give and take’ policy can solve the problem which has thrice dragged them into armed conflict. Particularly, Pakistan must remember that it has no legal claim over Kashmir. Before the partition of undivided India, the Instrument of Accession offered the Princely states the right to join either of the two Dominions. The king of Kashmir (Hari Sing) duly signed a treaty with India for joining it. (Mahajan, 343). The portion of Kashmir (Pak occupied Kashmir) which is now under Pakistan’s control, was captured only by illegal infiltration by several terrorist groups. Hence, it is beyond any iota of doubt that history can go a long way in setting the problem to the right perspective. Works Cited Agarwal, R.G. Political Theory, Chandra Books, Allahabad, 1996, 422 Basu, D.D. Introduction to the Constitution of India, Prentice Hall, 1978, 23 Bhattacharya, D.C. India’s Five Year Plans, Joy Library, Calcutta, 1996, 1 Bose, N.S. Indian National Movement, Pharma K.L.M. Pvt. Ltd, 1974, 135 Chauba, K.L. India and Pakistan, Raj Kamal Publications, New Delhi, 1948, 49 Chopra, P.N. India’s Struggle for Freedom, Publications Division, 1984, 16 Das, H.H. India: Democratic Government and Politics, Himalaya Publications, New Delhi, 1991, 400 De, B. Freedom Struggle, Publications Division, New Delhi, 1992, 103 Johari, J.C. Indian Government and Politics, Vishal Publishing House, New Delhi, 394 Kauba, K.L. Inside Pakistan, Raj Kamal Publications, New Delhi, 1948, 89 Keswani, K.B. International Relations, Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai, 1996, 512 Khanna, V.H. Foreign policy of India, Vikas Publishing, Chennai, 1997, 78 Mahajan, V.D. The Constitution of India, Modern Books, New Delhi, 1979, 343 Moon, P. Divide and Quit, Modern Books, Mumbai, 41 Morris-Jones, W.H. Government and Politics of India, B.I. Publications, New Delhi, 1979, 215 Sen, S.N. History of Freedom Movement in India, New Age Publications, 1978, 263

5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation

5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 5 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, the omission of one comma (two commas, in one case) obscures the intended meaning. Discussion and revision following each example provides clarity. 1. It’s not a real pleasant experience to tell you the truth. This sentence implies that the writer does not enjoy telling the truth to someone. However, the phrase â€Å"to tell the truth† is merely augmenting the main clause, â€Å"It’s not a real pleasant experience,† and so should be set off from that clause: â€Å"It’s not a real pleasant experience, to tell you the truth.† 2. Believe me they have been working on this this for a long time. â€Å"Believe me† is an introductory phrase that should be set off from the main clause of the sentence: â€Å"Believe me, they have been working on this for a long time.† 3. The important thing is they know what to watch for. â€Å"The important thing† is a dependent clause; like â€Å"believe me,† it must be distinguished from the content of the main clause: â€Å"The important thing is, they know what to watch for.† Alternatively, that may be inserted in lieu of the comma: â€Å"The important thing is that they know what to watch for.† 4. To achieve cultural reform, Smith maintained that definitive actions to redesign incentive structures and establish clear accountability would be the most effective mechanisms. The implication is that Smith came up with his opinion in order to achieve cultural reform. However, what the sentence means is that Smith declared that in order to achieve cultural reforms, the strategy embodied in his opinion should be pursued. To communicate this distinction, â€Å"Smith maintained† should be framed by commas to clarify that it is an attribution interjected in the main clause of the sentence: â€Å"To achieve cultural reform, Smith maintained, definitive actions to redesign incentive structures and establish clear accountability would be the most effective mechanisms.† 5. The study determined that voter fraud was almost nonexistent. Another study by the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University Law School found that many reports of people voting twice or ballots being cast on behalf of dead people were largely the result of clerical errors. The second sentence implies that a center at the law school released both studies in question. However, if the context makes clear that the second study was conducted at a different location, the description of that location must be treated parenthetically: â€Å"The study determined that voter fraud was almost nonexistent. Another study, by the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University Law School, found that many reports of people voting twice or ballots being cast on behalf of dead people were largely the result of clerical errors.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowList of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and Adults50 Synonyms for "Song"

Facts About Frass (Bug Poop)

Facts About Frass (Bug Poop) Insects do poop, but we call their poop frass. Some insect frass is liquid, while other insects form their frass into pellets. In any case, the insect is eliminating waste from its body through its anus, which meets the definition of poop, for sure. Some insects dont let their waste go to waste. The insect world is filled with examples of bugs that use their frass for food, for self-defense, or even for construction material. Insects That Put Their Poop to Good Use Termites arent born with the gut microbes needed to digest wood, so they first feed on feces from adults, often right from their anuses. Along with the frass, the young ingest some microbes, which then set up shop in their guts. This practice, called anal trophallaxis, is also practiced by some ants. Bess beetles, which also feed on wood, dont have larval jaws strong enough to handle the tough fiber. They feed on the protein-rich poop of their adult caretakers instead. Bess beetles also use poop to construct protective pupal cases. The larvae cant do the work on their own, though. Adults help them form the feces into a case around them. Three-lined potato beetles use their poop as an unusual defense against predators. When feeding on nightshade plants, the beetles ingest alkaloids, which are toxic to animal predators. The toxins get excreted in their frass. As the beetles poop, they contract muscles to direct the flow of feces onto their backs. Soon, the beetles are piled high with poop, an effective chemical shield against predators. How Social Insects Keep the Poop From Piling Up Social insects  need to keep a sanitary household, and  they employ clever housekeeping strategies to remove or contain all that frass. Frass cleanup is usually a job for adult insects. Adult  cockroaches  gather up all the poop and carry it out of the nest. Some wood-boring beetle adults pack frass into older, unused tunnels. In some leafcutter ant colonies, specific ants get the poop removal job and spend their entire lives carting off their familys frass. Being the designated pooper scooper is a thankless job, and relegates these individuals to the bottom of the social ladder. Social bees can hold their poop in for weeks or months at a time.  Bee larvae  have a blind gut, separate from the alimentary canal. The poop simply accumulates in the blind gut through their development. When they become adults, the young bees expel all the accumulated waste in one giant fecal pellet, called the meconium.  Honey bees  ceremoniously drop their mighty larval turds on their first flights from the nest. Termite  guts contain specialized bacteria that sanitize their feces. Their poop is so clean they can use it as construction material when building their nests. Eastern tent caterpillars  live together in silken tents, which quickly fill with frass. They expand their tents as they grow and the poop accumulates, to keep some distance between them and their frass. Insect Poop in the Ecosystem Frass makes the world go round, in some important ways. Insects take the worlds waste, digest it, and poop out something useful. Scientists discovered a link between the rainforest canopy and the forest floor. It was insect poop. Millions of insects inhabit the treetops, munching away on leaves and other plant parts. All those insects also poop, covering the ground below with their frass. Microbes go to work decomposing the frass, releasing nutrients back into the soil. Trees and other plants need the nutrient-rich soil to thrive. Some insects, like  termites  and  dung beetles, serve as primary decomposers in their ecosystems. Termite digestive systems are chock full of microbes capable of breaking down stubborn cellulose and lignin from wood. Termites and other wood-eating insects do the hard part, then pass the significantly decomposed plant bits on to secondary decomposers through their frass. An enormous percentage of forest biomass passes through insect guts, on its way to becoming  new soil. And how about rotting carcasses and animal dung? Insects help break down all the nasty bits in the environment and turn them into something much less objectionable, frass. Most insect poop isnt large enough to contain whole seeds, but poop from big grasshoppers called wetas is an exception to that rule. Scientists found the wetas, which live in New Zealand, can poop viable fruit seeds. The seeds found in weta frass germinate better than seeds which simply fall to the ground. Since the wetas move, they carry the fruit seeds to new locations, helping trees spread throughout the ecosystem.

Research Proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Proposal - Dissertation Example Solar energy, if harnessed to its fullest, can provide the whole world with more than enough energy for a year, in just a single day. Science and technology is still far from that point. Solar energy harnessing with today’s inventions is still expensive and inefficient, making this a very exploitable research field, with the promise of a better world. Solar energy will soon come out as a multibillion dollar industry, and only those nations will prosper through it, which spend time, efforts and money in this field today. Solar energy harnessing through photovoltaic cells is a very promising field. To enhance the efficiency, increasingly thin films are being prepared. PVs are made out of doped semiconducting materials, which have relatively high resistivity as compared to common good conductors. Thus, photovoltaic cells are coated with conducting materials on their surface. These are thin films themselves, whose sole purpose is to behave as a conducting medium. The coatings are done over the photovoltaic layers, such that they are present between the light source and the photovoltaic layer. This means that the coatings have to be highly transparent for light transmission as well. The materials employed for this purpose are termed as Transparent Conducting Oxides, which are nothing but doped oxides that have very high conductivity and transmission. TCOs may have a variety of functions, such as transparent electrical contacts, antireflection coatings and chemical barriers, in photovoltaic films (Perkins et. al. 20051). It is to be noted that the energy band gap theory suggests that transparency of a material is closely related to the electrical behavior of a material, more specifically its resistivity. Transparency of a material is higher if the band gap between the valence and conduction band is high. If the band gap is high, the resistivity is high too. Thus it is difficult to have both high transparency and low resistivity together. To achieve this, dopin g is done in selected semiconductors, which can modify their properties to give us transparent layers with high conduction (Nave, 20102). A lot of research has been done in this field for over 50 years now and every project has led to the opening of a new chapter rather than closing out different chapters in the research. This is suggestive of the prospects of research in this field. The most important property of TCOs is their conductivity, and a lot of research has been done on that (Minami, 20003; Lewis and Paine, 20004) on aluminum doped zinc oxide, tin doped indium oxide, lead oxides, cadmium oxides, and their combinational oxides. These researches have indicated that there exists potential for engineered transparent conducting oxides to be formed with tailored properties (Freeman et. al. 20015). Transparency and light trapping has also been studied in detail in these papers. The main emphasis of the researches is to study composition-property behaviors. Some endeavors have als o been made for synthesis and characterization of these thin films (Banarjee et. al. 20036; Coutts and Young, 20007; Gurumurugan et. al. 19948; Freeman et. al. 2001). Researchers have also used surface characterization techniques to study how electrical, chemical and transparency properties of TCOs depend on the surface layer. The electronic/defect structure of the surface layers has a huge impact on the electrical properties of the layer